How can Shigella be transmitted?

Shigella can be transmitted primarily through contaminated water and flies, making this the most appropriate answer. The bacterium is often found in areas with poor sanitation, and it can spread when a person ingests food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter containing the bacteria. Moreover, flies can act as vectors, carrying Shigella from fecal matter to food or water, further facilitating its transmission.

The other options involve different pathogens or modes of transmission. Undercooked poultry is typically associated with Salmonella or Campylobacter infections. Infected animals are more likely to transmit disease-causing organisms like E. coli or certain zoonotic infections rather than Shigella. Raw seafood is often linked to illnesses caused by Vibrio species, among others, rather than Shigella. Understanding these specific transmission pathways is crucial for effective food safety practices and preventing outbreaks.